The graph shows the range of uptake of sugars and the mean value. Outline two factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. IB Documents Team; HL Paper 2. State the relationship between temperature and metabolic rate. The solid line is the absorption spectrum; the dotted line is the action spectrum. An action spectrum defines the relative effectiveness (per number of incident photons) of different wavelengths of light for light-requiring processes, such as photosynthesis, flowering, and phototropism (the bending of a plant toward light). Draw the action spectrum of photosynthesis. Non-Oxygenic. Describe the relationship between the distance of upstream migration and the concentration of PCBs in O. nerka. The graph shows concentration of PCBs in muscle lipids of O. nerka in relation to the distance of upstream migration. In a study, mice were divided into four groups. Explain the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. The world’s oceans can absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide. The two – ito system was also discovered by action spectrum. The percentage recovery compares the rate of photosynthesis before and after heat treatment. Outline four different functions of membrane proteins. A study of 600 adolescents in Sweden showed that milk consumption has a positive effect on height which shows continuous variation. The action spectrum of photosynthesis is a graph showing the rate of photosynthesis for each wavelength of light. The action spectrum indicates the overall rate of photosynthesis at each wavelength of light 2.9.S2 ​Design of experiments to investigate the effect of limiting factors on photosynthesis. Describe the relationship between genes, polypeptides and enzymes. As the O. nerka migrate upstream they no longer feed. Outline, with examples, the types of carbohydrate found in living organisms. While chlorophyll a really likes the ends of spectrum, chlorophyll b likes lighter blue hues, and carotenoids tend to prefer only the colors dark green through violet. 7. The graph below shows the carbon dioxide concentrations that were measured at different depths in the ice. The rate of photosynthesis will not be the same for every wavelength of light. The highest rates of photosynthesis occur at red and blue wavelengths. B (Assuming that the graphs are A to D from top to bottom) Which graph shows the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) on the rate of photosynthesis? Absorption spectrum shows - red and blue light absorbed most and green light least (it is reflected). Explain the relationship between the action spectrum and the absorption spectra of photosynthetic pigments in green plants. 9. Explain the light-dependent reactions. In the graph below which line shows an action spectrum of photosynthesis? Explain the light-independent processes of photosynthesis in plants. Action Spectra An action spectrum is the rate of a physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light. Over a ten-week period, one group was given glucose-sweetened drinks and the other fructose-sweetened drinks. Visible light has a range of wavelengths with violet the shortest wavelength and red the longest. To test the effect of isoprene on a plant that does not normally produce it, leaves of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were treated with heat stress at 46°C and were supplied with isoprene in the airstream. IB Biology/Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis. Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a vs action spectrum of photosynthesis. Triglyceride levels in blood were measured throughout the study. Pollutant transport was studied in a population of O. nerka in the Copper River (Alaska). Draw an absorption spectrum for chlorophyll and an action spectrum for photosynthesis. This process has been studied in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, by measuring carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and in surface water every month, from October 1988 onwards. Temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration are possible limiting factors on the rate of photosynthesis; Applications: Changes to the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and rock deposition due to photosynthesis; Skills: Drawing an absorption spectrum for chlorophyll and an action spectrum for photosynthesis If the axis is "wavelength‟, then red should be shown as longer wavelength than blue. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light most effectively and reflects green light more than other colours. The rate of photosynthesis was recorded as the carbon dioxide taken up per unit of leaf area per second. The Action Spectrum defines the wavelengths that are most effective for photosynthesis - done by measuring oxygen output of actual leaves under different spectrum lighting. Outline the role of coenzyme A in aerobic respiration. Suggest a reason for the relationship of distance of upstream migration and concentration of PCBs in muscle lipids. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the plasma membrane. Another method of transport of these pollutants into these ecosystems is provided by migrating O. nerka. Obesity (excessive weight) is recognized as a global health problem and has been correlated with a large number of health issues, diseases and deaths. Anabolic (formative) reaction, as food is formed. 2.9.U3. Identify the total number of O. nerka with fork length from 240 to 245 mm caught in autumn 2008 and winter 2009. The measurements were taken at  30°C, but at three points in the experiment the leaves were subjected to heat treatment of 46°C (indicated on the graph by the arrows). Describe the process of photolysis in photosynthesis. To investigate the effect of temperature on Laternula elliptica, specimens were kept in temperature-controlled aquaria. Draw is a lower level skill, and students should be able to draw the typical absorption spectrum. The 2nd is "Light Independent Reactions" and ATP is used to bond together carbon dioxide and water to make glucose. Describe the processes that occur in the mitochondria of cells when oxygen is present. In this investigation, it was found that above 6°C it is unable to bury itself. This energy is then used to carry out photolysis, which supply substances that are needed to convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules such as glucose. Some proteins in membranes act as enzymes. Explain the process of aerobic cell respiration after glycolysis has occurred. An ice-core record covering the last 400 000 years has been obtained from Vostok in the Antarctic. The action ctra … Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants trap light energy and use it to make carbohydrates. Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been shown to reach unpolluted arctic areas by air currents. Photosynthesis is the production of carbon compounds in cells using light energy. Describe how structure I is held together. Total Cards ... What does the action spectrum show? State the type of inhibition shown in this diagram. Distinguish between anabolism, catabolism and metabolism. Label the structures indicated on the X-ray of a human elbow. Measurements of photosynthesis and isoprene emission were made during a 35-day-long drought stress (drought period) and 3 and 15 days after re-watering stressed plants  (recovery period). Photosynthesis Part 6 Action vs Absorption Spectrum IB Biology Animals which are active at night are nocturnal. Each pigment absorbs specific wavelengths. One of the stages of aerobic respiration is called the link reaction. The syllabus statement for 8.2.7 does say "explain‟ as a command term for absorption spectrum. Mice were kept at one of the three constant temperatures for 24 hours and their oxygen consumption was measured. Title. Using the data in the graph, deduce the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. The action spectrum indicates the overall rate of photosynthesis at each wavelength of light; There is a strong correlation between the cumulative absorption spectra of all pigments and the action spectrum. Starting from the concept of gene pool, explain briefly how populations of early vertebrates could have evolved into different groups. Laternula elliptica is a mollusc that lives on the sea bed in Antarctica. Suggest one method other than measuring CO2 uptake by which the rate of photosynthesis could have been measured in these experiments. IB Syllabus. b) Action Spectra. Oxygen is needed to complete aerobic cell respiration. Explain the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Suggest why heat treatment may reduce photosynthesis rates. The rate of photosynthesis will not be the same for every wavelength of light. The data show the recovery of photosynthesis at different isoprene concentrations 1 hour and 24 hours after the heat treatment. Action spectrum ratifies the pigments actually involved in the photosynthesis. Explain the evidence provided by the data in the bar chart for the hypothesis that isoprene improves plants’ tolerance to high temperatures. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water. In 1881, the German plant physiologist T. W. Engelmann placed a filamentous green algaunder the microscope and illuminated it with a tiny spectrum of visible light. The two are quite different and it is the latter; action spectrum that is important in determining photosynthesis. Explain the mechanism of ventilation of human lungs. Describe the isoprene emissions during the drought and recovery periods at 25°C. In the medium surrounding the strands were motile, aerobicbacteria. 2.9.U2. Action spectrum of photosynthesis shows wavelengths used for light dependent reactions. Sickle-cell anemia affects the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen.Explain the consequence of the mutation causing sickle-cell anemia in relation to the processes of transcription and translation. The 1st is "Light Dependent Reactions" where light energy is trapped and converted into chemical energy (ATP). Deduce the pattern of carbon dioxide diffusion, between water and atmosphere, from 1988 to 2002. Studies investigated the role of glucose and fructose in the development of pancreatic  cancer cells. The graph shows the relationship between fork length and lipid content for O. nerka caught during autumn 2008 and winter 2009. Visible light has a range of wavelengths with violet the shortest wavelength and red the longest. An action spectrum is the rate of photosynthesis plotted against wavelength of light. and poplar (Populus sp.) The graph shows the absorption spectrum for two types of chlorophyll. It has been suggested that isoprene increases the tolerance of plants to high temperatures, which can cause a decrease in photosynthesis rates.Black poplar (Populus nigra) plants were subjected to two raised temperatures and  to drought. State the highest carbon dioxide concentration shown on the graph. Explain how flowering is controlled in long-day and short-day plants. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light most effectively and reflects green light more than other colors. Describe the importance of hydrolysis in digestion. The rate of photosynthesis is the least with green-yellow light (525 nm-625 nm). The oxygen concentrations of water near the gills and in the body fluids were measured, at a range of temperatures from 0°C to 9°C. Visible light ranges from violet (400nm) the shortest wavelength to red (700nm) the longest. Distinguish between competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition of chemical reactions, giving an example of each. he plot showing relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of ht in photosynthesis is called action spectrum. Outline the metabolic processes that occur in starchy seeds during germination. This protein is described as a globular protein. Draw the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. A supply of oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration in mitochondria. Both display two main peaks – a larger peak at the blue region (~450 nm) and a smaller peak at the red region (~670 nm) As it has been shown that high triglyceride levels correlate to obesity, another study was undertaken with humans. 6.1 Digestion and absorption. The graph provides evidence for the hypothesis that there will be no net diffusion of carbon dioxide between water and atmosphere by 2020. The part of the spectrum that is involved in photosynthesis is called the visible light spectrum. Fosmidomycin inhibits the emission of isoprene without affecting photosynthesis. Distinguish between globular and fibrous proteins. (ii) Explain the relationship between the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll and action spectrum of photosynthesis for green plants. Describe how water is carried through a flowering plant. Action Spectrum of Elodea Pondweed in Rainbow coloured light ! Explain the process of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. As the temperature rises, water becomes saturated at a lower concentration of the gas. Outline the relationship between activity and temperature from 21:00 to 03:00 in all of the mice. The sketch shows the relationship between the reaction rate and substrate concentration in the presence and the absence of a competitive inhibitor. The increased consumption of fructose, now widely used as a sweetener, has been associated with the increase in obesity. They found that the amount of time mice are active depends on the time of day, whether they are single or in groups and on the temperature of their surroundings. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is currently 385 ppm (parts per million). the rate of photosynthesis of a plant at each wavelength: ... effect of temperature on photosynthesis? Describe the trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, shown in the graph. The enzyme ATP synthase has an essential role in aerobic cell respiration. Explain the processes by which light energy is converted into chemical energy. [3] a. Outline the relationship between temperature and oxygen concentration in the body fluids in Laternula elliptica. Signe_Engstrand4. Photosynthetic pigments absorb light only in the visible region of the spectrum (390nm-760nm).The action spectrum peak of chlorophyll is almost same as that of absorption spectrum indicating that chlorophyll is the primary pigment in photosynthesis. Both display two main peaks – a larger peak at the blue region (~450 nm) and a smaller peak at the red region (~670 nm) State the range of lipid content measured in O. nerka caught during autumn 2008. IB Biology: Photosynthesis Review (2.9) NAME: 1. Calculate how many minutes the group mice are active between 21:00 and 00:00 at 8°C. Pancreatic cancer cells were grown in equal concentrations of each sugar and the uptake of each into ribose-producing pathways was measured. Draw a labelled diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli as an example of a prokaryote. The graph below shows the results for single mice and the mean values for group mice. Outline the process of glycolysis. Explain the production of lactose-free milk. Draw a labelled diagram to show the molecular structure of a membrane. (ii) Explain the relationship between the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll and action spectrum of photosynthesis for green plants. Outline any correlation between total lipid content and fork length in autumn 2008 and in winter 2009. The action spectrum indicates the overall rate of photosynthesis at each wavelength of light There is a strong correlation between the cumulative absorption spectra of all pigments and the action spectrum. Photosynthesis and transpiration occur in leaves. Explain how chemiosmosis assists in ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation. Using a named example of a genetically modified crop, discuss the specific ethical issues of its use. Biology (Topic 8 Respiration and Photosynthesis (HL)) Flashcards on IB Biology 8.2 Photosynthesis (HL), created by robertospacey on 12/03/2015. Describe how pancreatic cells directly affect blood glucose levels. Outline the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on the activity of enzymes. 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