Samples of the colors, enclosed in an envelope, accompany this book. A compromise color was not very good for either situation. [13][20] Some patterns could be used as Measure 31, 32 or 33 depending on the paints chosen; these were listed as, e.g., MS-3_/6D. Lowest visibility to surface observers on moonless nights and in overcast weather. (3) Formulas and leaflet specifications for materials used, including an appendix to the General Specifications for Inspection of Material (Appendix VIII) covering Paint and Paint Ingredients-Methods of Sampling and Testing). Special forms for making camouflage reports have been printed and are issued with this book. (4) A Manual for Painting Ships in Service. The Thayer System is designed for use in northern latitudes, where due to the low altitude of the sun, the bow flare will present no problem at all in winter, and will only be noticeable for a few hours in the middle of the day in midsummer. Low visibility to surface observers in bright sunny weather and down-moon on moonlit nights. With the likelihood of the United States entering the war, and after experiments with various paint schemes conducted in association with the 1940 Fleet Problem (exercise), the Bureau of Ships (BuShips) directed in January 1941 that the peacetime color of overall #5 Standard Navy Gray, a light gloss shade with a linseed-oil base, be replaced with matte Dark Gray, #5-D, a new paint formulation with a synthetic alkyd resin base. This measure was most useful in Arctic latitudes with extended twilight and frequent fog and cloud cover. Ship camouflage was occasionally used in ancient times. MS-31/20L was a "universal" design, a large rectangular camouflage pattern on which the outline of any ship class could be overlaid. McMorris, C. H. (Chief of Staff, Pacific Fleet) (October 8, 1943). Dark Gray (5-D) overall except for Light Gray (5-L) structures above the stack tops. Version 3.01, (1) Appendix 6 - An appendix to the General Specifications for Building Vessels of the U.S. Navy, covering the painting and cementing of new construction and conversions. (Assistant Chief, BuShips) (Dec 15, 1941). Provision should be made to make them invisible except when identification is desired. The per cent of incident light reflected from a surface is an accurate method of describing the lightness or darkness of that surface. English: United States Navy Camouflage Measure 12 (Modified) - Graded System with Splotches was sea blue low on the hull, ocean gray at about the main deck level, and haze gray above that. Haze Gray 5-H. Use the method of camouflage best suited to accomplish the maximum reduction of visibility in these circumstances, accepting what increases in visibility may ensue in other conditions. When on surface high visibility to surface observers in all types of weather. Horizontal surfaces also carried irregular patterns in Ocean Gray and Deck Blue. USS Freedom in its new paint scheme on Feb. 22. 1. The camouflage systems established to date require the use of white and five colors. It is requested that pertinent comments be submitted and that instances of notably effective and ineffective camouflage be reported. Useful for Protection against Submarine attack, where aerial observation is a lesser factor. However, the new paints (which were shipped pre-mixed, not as tinting paste) were generally only available in stateside yards, while ships repainted at forward bases continued to use the older bluish colors. ), Approximate Effectiveness of Camouflage Measures, General Directions for Camouflage Painting, PLATE I - Submarine painted with Gray System, PLATE II - Destroyer Tender painted Haze Gray System, PLATE III - Destroyer DD 356 painted Ocean Gray System, PLATE IV - Destroyer DD 380 Class - Thayer System, PLATE V - Destroyer DD 384 Class - Thayer System, PLATE VI -Four Stack Destroyer - Thayer System, PLATE VII - Patrol Boat PC 471 Class- Thayer System, PLATE VIII- 110 Foot Submarine Chaser-Thayer System, PLATE IX - Destroyer DD 421 Class - Thayer System, PLATE X - Destroyer DD 445 Class - Thayer System, PLATE XI - Transport AP 21 Class - Thayer System, PLATE XII - Cargo Ship AK 25 Class - Thayer System, PLATE XIII- Cruiser CA 26 Class - Navy Blue System, PLATE XIV - Battleship BB 40 Class - Graded System, PLATE XV - Battleship BB 55 Class - Graded System, PLATE XVI - Cruiser CA 32 Class - Graded System, PLATE XVII- Aircraft Carrier CV 2 Class-Graded System, (a) The Reduction of Visibility - Protective Coloration. In Protective Coloration in Nature there is always some "cover" or fixed background which may be matched. There will be some reduction of visibility when viewed from low-flying planes, and from higher altitudes at extended ranges. [11] On 19 July Measure 12 had been prescribed for the entire Atlantic Fleet, and on 13 September Measure 11 for the Pacific. Such an average color is merely a "service paint". The menace of air attack caused a general revision of ideas about camouflage, and complicated the situation for protective coloration camouflage even more than it did for deception camouflage. Low visibility to surface observers in hazy or foggy weather especially when it is accompanied with periods of weak sunlight. The patterns and tones were designed to resolve at a distance to an average low reflectivity of 10-20%. High visibility to high angle aerial observation when the submarine is on the surface or submerged in clear water,. The origin of U.S. [22], In 1944 revised Measure 31a substituted Navy Blue for Black and eliminated countershading, For landing craft and amphibious vessels, BuShips promulgated patterns under Measure 31/L, which was based on Measure 31 but used the colors Haze Green, Ocean Green, Navy Green, Brown 4A and Black with Deck Green. January Commander Air Force, Pacific Fleet Carrier Camouflage Memo-Requests changing Bon Homme Richard and Coral Sea's camouflage. works. Unfortunately the splotches in most cases were too small to break up the ship's outline effectively, and at any distance resolved into simple gray. Ship Camouflage may be defined as the means by which the visibility of a ship is reduced, or the means by which deception is caused in course or range estimation, or in class identification. Patterns were carried across the bow, and light gray was used aft to blend with the wake. [lower-alpha 8]. This measure emphasized mistaken identity and course deception to complicate submarine attack. A pronounced shadow is frequently seen on the bow of some types of vessels due to the bow flare, and a large area of white applied to the bow, and intended to compensate for this shadow, is a rather common feature of camouflage design. Van Keuren, A. H. (Assistant Chief, BuShips) (January 31, 1941). If a better deception can be secured by the use of blue pattern at this point on the bow, its use would be amply justified. High visibility to high angle aerial observation when the submarine is on the surface or submerged in clear water,. In mid-1944 the color range was simplified (Measure 31/20L) to Green #1, #2 and #3 and Brown #4. Use Haze Gray In reaching conclusions on systems of camouflage aimed at surface attack, it is desirable to avoid judgments based on observations of vessels at close ranges. (Chief of Staff, Pacific Fleet) (Sept 15, 1942). Countershading with white paint must be left to some extent to individual judgment. A graded system wherein the hull was painted in approximately equal bands of Dark Gray, Ocean Gray (5-O) and Light Gray, with all vertical superstructure surfaces painted Light Gray as well. For the remainder of her wartime era service, she was painted in the horizontal "two-tone" Camouflage Measure 22. Paint entire submarine above the water line Ocean Gray, 5-0. Sloping surfaces, such as the forward part of gun turrets, will be seen both from the air and from the surface, and the color of these areas shall be decided on the following basis: (2) If the system is intended for protection against surface or Black-Formula 82 Paint entire submarine above the water line black. GSI H307. Haze Gray 5-H All remaining vertical surfaces and all masts and small gear. This method was based upon the research of Abbott H. Thayer, a celebrated American painter of a past generation, who was a pioneer student of the protective coloration of birds and animals. Useful for combatant ships operating in areas where greatest danger might be expected from gunnery action either from shore batteries or from enemy surface ships. Distinguishing numbers to designate the ship to friendly aircraft may be painted as heretofore on tops of turrets or as prescribed by the Commanders-in-Chief of the Fleets. ", A dazzle pattern of blues, grays and whites applied only to, A rarely used pattern almost identical to Measure 12, but with Haze Gray instead of Ocean Gray upperworks, as in the later. Initial Admiralty disruptive camouflage schemes employed polygons of multiple shades of gray, blue and green so at least two of the colors would blend with background sea or sky under different light conditions. Vegetius writing in the 4th century says that "Venetian blue" (bluish-green, the same color as the sea) was used in the years 56–54 BC during the Gallic Wars, when Julius Caesar sent his speculatoria navigia(scout ships) to gather intelligence along the coast of Britain. (Chief, BuShips) (July 11, 1941). All Rights Reserved. Camouflage Measures The WWII U.S. Navy developed numerous camouflage measures. The situation can be improved by a liberal application of white paint to all areas which are commonly in shadow. Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, File:USS Maryland burning at Pearl Harbor.jpg, File:USS Minneapolis (CA-36) Sept 4 1944.jpg, File:USS Hobson in Measure 15 camouflage.jpg, File:Pattern for MS-16 "Thayer" camouflage.jpg, File:USS Evans (DD-552) in MS-31 Design 7D.jpg, File:Pattern, Measure 31 Design 20L for APD-1 class destroyer-transports.jpg, World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: aircraft carriers, World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: battleships, World War II US Navy dazzle camouflage measures 31, 32 and 33: cruisers, http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941January31OutsideGrayPaints.html, "Outside Gray Paint -- Change in Manufacturing Formulas. Limitations in the Use of Protective Coloration. There is some evidence to show that a vessel correctly painted to disappear against a distant horizon sky on a bright day must inevitably appear very conspicuous when seen close at hand. High visibility to all surface observers in all types of weather. The light color on the hull is the Navy Blue wearing away to show some of the pre-war Standard navy Gray #5 showing through. The situation is quite different when the vessel is seen from the air against the water. 37 Light Gray 5-L. FS 36463 . Raised characters, such as ships' names and draft marks, shall be retained and painted the same color as the hull in that vicinity. Patterns are shown for both port and starboard sides, and should be so used in order to get the best end-on effects. When light ships are clearly visible it is easy to judge target angle and make identification. This dilemma has made a deliberate choice necessary, a choice dictated by the chief source of danger in any given area. US Navy WWII ship camouflage measures - detail of USS Alabama in Measure 12 (Modified), In 1935, the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory began studies and tests on low visibility ship camouflage. (This forms a part of the contract specifications. The Royal Navy established an Admiralty camouflage section in October 1940. APPROXIMATE EFFECTIVENESS OF CAMOUFLAGE MEASURES High visibility in bright weather to aerial observers at close ranges, but not necessarily so at distant ranges. CV-3 USS Saratoga early 1942 wearing MS 11 paint scheme. This scheme consisted of Light Gray, 5-L, MTB Green (made by mixing one gallon Navy Green, 5-NG), Ocean Gray, 5-O, Deck Green, 20-G. 71-102 shall have black letters or numbers ten inches high. In this case the shadows are not very different from the color of the water, and dark colors such as Navy Blue and Deck Blue will serve to conceal the vessel very effectively. Exception: A stain of similar color has been provided for application to the flight decks of aircraft carriers. Sea Blue (5-S) overall, with horizontal surfaces (including wooden portions) painted Deck Blue (20-B). The new paints were neutral grays, Navy Gray replacing Navy Blue (but confusingly receiving the designation "5-N" while Navy Blue became "5-NB"), and Deck Gray replacing Deck Blue. USNHC Photo. Equivalents. A darker blue would produce more deception but can not be used because it will not appear white at night. FOR SURFACE SHIPS. In applying pattern, determine the location and size of paint areas by relation to structural points, or by proportionate measurement. These were numbered 1 to 33. These measures represent the final evolution of dazzle camouflage. Experience showed the polygons were too small to be differentiated at effective camouflage ranges. SHIPS-2 was first distributed in January 1941 and it contained Measures 1 through 9. It naturally follows that a light paint has a larger per cent of reflection than a dark paint. Though shown for certain specific classes of ships, the designs can and should be adapted to other types and classes. Recently, however Ive been playing Warships a lot more and I really really missed the old CBT Measure 22 skins that most of the US Navy had. When, a quarter of a century later a British artist and naval officer, Lt. Peter Scott, R.N.V.R., again proposed the white or very light ship its great value at night or in overcast weather was beginning to be recognized, and it is now coming into favor for certain areas. Color-Match #1 Green. No report of destruction need be submitted. Deck Blue paint, for all surface vessels except carriers, and Aircraft Carrier Flight Deck Stain, are supplied ready-mixed from the Navy Yards. though Measure 16 contains some elements of deception. USS Buchanan (DD-484) wearing Measure 12 (Modified). From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository English: United States Navy Camouflage Measure 22 - Graded System was navy blue low on the hull below the first continuous deck, with haze gray above that. A convenient method of measuring gloss is based on the ratio of the amount of light reflected at an angle of 60 degrees from the surface in question to the amount reflected at the same angle from polished black glass. Here is the chronology of Abbot’s camouflage in World War II: Early 1943 Abbot was launched wearing Measure 21: Navy Blue 5-N with Deck Blue 20-B decks. Applied: 2 August to 9 October 1942, Norfolk Navy Yard The pattern changed as seen below Changed: 23 February to 8 March 1943. Friedell, W. L. (Commandant, Navy Yard, Mare Island) (April 19, 1941). ", http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941MarchNewPaints.html, http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941MayNewPaints.html, http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941AprilMINYPaintManufacture.html, http://steelnavy.com/CombrigMinneapolis.htm, "Low Visibility Gray Paints - Potential Change in Formula", http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941JulyBuShipsPotentialPaintChange.html, http://www.shipcamouflage.com/pearl_harbor_experiments.htm, "Low Visibility Gray Paints - Change in Manufacturing Formula", http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941JulyBuShipsPaintManufacture.html, "Ship Camouflage Instructions, First Revision", http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941OctoberSHIPS2Rev1.html, "Camouflage Painting of New Construction and Conversions", http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/S19-7/1941SeptemberBuShipsNewConstPainting.html, "A Short History of US Naval Camouflage in WWII", http://usndazzle.com/1Web/Articles/Camo.html, "Low Visibility Flight Deck Stain (Norfolk No. Legal Notices and Privacy Policy All decks and other horizontal surfaces which Inferior to Measure 13 under such circumstances, but superior to it in areas where bright sunlight predominates. All auxiliaries, odd-numbered cruiser divisions, destroyer squadrons and destroyer-escort divisions were to be painted in Measure 21, and all even-numbered CA/CL divisions, DD squadrons and DE divisions in Measure 22. Measure 16, the American equivalent of the British Western Approaches system, has been named the Thayer System. Britt, F. B. The special feature of this system is its changeable character. "Now the Navy is transitioning forward" to a green-and-black digital camouflage design … AKI 0730. The application of white paint to the under side of projecting decks will, through reflection, lighten the vertical surfaces on which they cast shadows. During WWI, when the German U-boat threatened to stop US and Canadian supplies from reaching their European allies, the British Royal Navy began using a splinter-type camouflage to confuse the enemy about the speed, distance, and the course of its ships. Invisibility occurs when a ship presents no contrast with its background, and the customary approach, which has been to match the paint to the sky, can never completely succeed because it ignores the shaded areas of the ship which we now call contained shadow. [13], On 15 September 1943 the South Pacific command adopted the dazzle measures for all ships;[lower-alpha 7][21] in October the Pacific Fleet officially adopted the dazzle measures for most of its remaining ships. The blue-hued uniform "served its purpose for its era," Cole said. Since the formation of the Continental Navy in 1775, US Navy ships have donned numerous colors. Sumrall, Robert F. (February 1973). The Bureau of Ships is issuing four publications on the subject of ship painting. The navy began to run short of blue pigment toward the end of the war, causing a shift to grayer colors such as Measure 22. Some used Measure 22. USS Maryland wearing Measure 1, 7 December 1941. Similar to Measure 6, Cruiser Measure 7 made an, Similar to Measures 6 and 7, Cruiser Measure 8 made a. Further revision should be expected and encouraged in a subject in which practice is far from becoming crystallized, and this book is therefore issued in loose leaf form. Measures 32/3SS and 32/9SS were submarine patterns that used a multiplicity of carefully shaded grays to counteract light and shadow and reduce the visibility of a submarine on the surface. On the advice of United States aviators, Measure 11's Sea Blue was replaced by darker Navy Blue and the scheme designated Measure 21 in mid-1942. Useful where greatest danger is from the air and high surface visibility must be accepted. Wherever insignia is used, it shall be reduced in the same proportion as the numerals. These measures were contained in a manual known as SHIPS-2, distributed by the Bureau of Construction and Repair (BuC&R), USN. All vertical surfaces above the deck edge were painted light gray (5-L). This was found to provide reasonable protection in the widest range of conditions, and became a standard paint scheme after the war under assumed conditions of radar observation, with Deck Gray substituted for Deck Blue. The aim of the Thayer System is to create a ship which will appear like a white ship at night, and the "contained shadow", which is one of the stumbling blocks to all successful camouflage, is far more noticeable on light ships than on dark ships. [23] Ironically, the Atlantic Fleet did not get the memo, and during 1945 ships scheduled for Pacific transfer were repainted in dazzle, only to be painted again in Measure 21 or 22 on arrival at the West Coast or Hawaii. The painting shall be carried over all parts which are visible from the air including the numbers, capstan, running light boards and bridge rails. Measure 1A was an experimental scheme in overall Sea Blue, later adopted as Measure 11. Except at night or in a thick fog, no one expects a vessel to disappear at close range, and in clear weather the color which is deemed satisfactory at that range is almost certain to be too dark when the vessel begins to reach those ranges where invisibility might be reasonably expected. It will appear very monotone - since the two blues are similar. Design 7A (Measure 32) for the Iowa (BB-61) class: This design was not applied to any ship of this class. By Oct. 1, 2019, the Navy plans to eliminate the blue camo pattern from the seabag. For presentations of Measure 31-32-33 design schemes listed by ship type, see: The systems presented are to be placed in effect when ordered by competent authority. Ocean Gray overall. For night or overcast weather the pure white ship often will not be quite white enough for invisibility, but in bright sunshine it will be extremely visible when seen down-sun. Its maximum utility would be against surface observation in areas where sunny weather is common. Measure 31/5P for PT boats used a base color of MTB Green with large patches of Navy Green (5-NG). Some deception as to target angle has been reported for both day and night operations. High visibility down-sun or down-moon in bright clear weather, but reduced visibility up-sun and up-moon in all weathers. Submarine Measure 9 was Dull Black (#82) overall and is still in use. (A) In northerly waters with much overcast weather and where attacks are prevalent at night. Light ships behave better than dark ships at long ranges, and pure white even in bright sunshine will be better than medium gray when applied to small areas such as masts. Paint The painting shall be carried over all parts which are visible from the air including the numbers, capstan, running light boards and bridge rails. Testor 2122 #3 Green . January Bureau of Ships Measure 12 Camouflage Memo - Letter telling Puget Sound to use Measure 12 with 5-N Navy Blue. We thank Ed Zajkowski for his generous loan of the original document used to create this online version. ** Not a specification; estimated An average sky, spoken of as the "weather coefficient", may be a matter of interest, but it is a matter of no real importance, unless it can be shown that such an average sky matches the typical sky of the period of greatest danger. The application of similar patterns to both large and small vessels of similar profiles may cause uncertainty as to the identity of the class of vessel. Moderately high visibility to aerial observation at close ranges. High visibility in bright weather when seen against the water. (B) In Atlantic or Pacific Coastal waters where weather is generally sunny, visibility is high, and bright moonlight is common at night. GSI H302 ... 22 Buff. When on surface low visibility to aerial observers in all types of weather, except up-sun in bright weather. Unless otherwise indicated, all horizontal surfaces which are visible from the air shall be painted Deck Blue, 20-B. In February the Pacific Fleet, deciding that the primary threat to its ships was now kamikaze, directed that all ships be repainted in Measure 12, 21 or 22, and dazzle schemes began to … Rather than issue premixed quantities of the less-used new shades, Light Gray (5-L) and Ocean Gray (5-O), yards and supply depots were directed to issue an untinted base paint (5-U) together with a blue-black tinting material (5-TM) which when mixed according to instructions would turn 5-U into either Light or Ocean Gray. This visual change, known as the Purkinje effect, is utilized in the Thayer System. Sea Blue was found to be too light, and it was ordered replaced by new color Navy Blue (5-N),[lower-alpha 5] which used 50% more of the same tinting paste as Sea Blue and was correspondingly darker. The patterns and tones were designed to resolve at a distance to an average medium reflectivity of 20-30%. [2] Rather than waste the large quantities of Standard Gray already in inventory and aboard ships, BuShips directed the issuance of a black tinting paste (5-BP) which when mixed in stated proportions with Standard Gray would yield a close approximation of 5-D, with issue of the new paint in pre-mixed form to follow. 40 Navy Red . color used for the adjacent vertical surfaces. The very dark ship proved best against aerial observation, and the very light ship was best from the surface viewpoint. These were numbered 1 to 33. White with large polygonal patches of light sea blue (called Thayer Blue.) Deck Blue 20-B. Measure 32 was applied to most surface ships in the Pacific during 1944, but in 1945 the Pacific Fleet reverted to, Light pattern Measure 33 was a mixture of polygons in Ocean Gray and Light Gray or Pale Gray, or Navy Blue with Haze Gray and Pale Gray, 1 pint Blue Tinting Material 5-BTM per 5 gal 5-U, 1 pint Tinting Material 5-TMa per 20 gal 5-U, 1 pint Tinting Material 5-TMa per 5 gal 5-U, 2 pints Tinting Material 5-TMa per 5 gal 5-U, 60 oz Tinting Material 5-TM per 5 gal 5-U, 5 pints Tinting Material 5-TMa per 5 gal 5-U, 10 pints Tinting Material 5-TMa per 5 gal 5-U, 15 pints Tinting Material 5-TMa per 5 gal 5-U, Premixed: 26.2 lb lampblack in 100 gal alkyd paint medium, 1.25 lb Black Paste 5-BP per 5 gal #5 Std Navy Gray, 20 pints Tinting Material 20-TM per 5 gal 20-U, 2 parts (blue) Tinting Material 5-TMa to 5 parts #84 zinc chromate primer, 4 parts (blue) Tinting Material 5-TMa to 5 parts #84 zinc chromate primer, 1 pint Green Tinting Material 5-GTM per 15 gal 5-U, 1 pint Green Tinting Material 5-GTM per 5 gal 5-U, 2 pints Green Tinting Material 5-GTM per 5 gal 5-U, 12 pints Green Tinting Material 5-GTM per 5 gal 5-U, 1 part Navy Green 5-NG to 5 parts Ocean Green 5-OG, 5 parts green tint 5-GTM to 4 parts blue tint 5-TMa to 1 part 5-U, 4 parts green tint 5-GTM to 20 parts blue tint 5-TMa to 1 part 5-U. King, Ernest J. He was the earliest advocate of a white ship, and unsuccessfully labored to secure its adoption both in the U. S. Navy and by the British Admiralty. Like her British and French allies, military engineers experimented with a number of designs for hiding reconnaissance personnel and snipers employed along the frontiers. USS San Francisco wearing Measure 33, Design 13D, In January 1945 BuShips revised its paint formulations due to a shortage of blue pigment, and the realization that tone was far more important than hue in camouflage effect, eliminating the blue-purple shades which had characterized nearly all Navy ship colors whether called "blue" or "gray." Will not offer the same protection as the black system to submerged submarines operating in areas where aerial observation is an important factor, but will be lower visibility against either sea or sky when observed by surface ships. (2) Ship Camouflage Instructions, U.S. Navy (SHIPS-2), containing CONFIDENTIAL information and supplementing other instructions. Here is the US Navy Iowa-Class Measure 32/22d Color Profile and Paint Guide. Very light colored ships are best at night except in the glare of searchlight. On aircraft carriers deck markings shall be discontinuous and as narrow as will serve the purpose in order that they may not be used by enemy bombers to estimate the vessel's course. Some persons have laboriously attempted to average all the possible backgrounds against which a ship may be seen throughout the day - throughout the year. The WWII U.S. Navy developed numerous camouflage measures. ", USS Hobson wearing Measure 15 off North Africa, November 1942, Ships-2 pattern drawing for Measure 16 on a sub chaser. Moreover, for Measure 22 (but not 12 or 21), Navy Blue was still prescribed until existing stocks were exhausted. Method of Application A photo or drawing is displayed showing how the measure was supposed to be applied to a ship. Drawing prepared by the Bureau of Ships for a camouflage scheme intended for battleships of the BB-61 (Iowa) class. Vertical camouflage pattern—5-O Ocean Gray (US 06), 5-N Navy Blue (US 08), and 5-L Light Gray (US 13); Flight Deck—Revised Deck Blue, same as 20-B Deck Blue (US 10); To structural points, or by proportionate measurement Gray retained their names but lost their bluish cast patches Navy. Select the color ( hue ) of the British Western Approaches System has! Visibility scheme which was particularly effective at dawn and at sunset compromise color was not good. Bureau of ships is issuing four publications on the surface viewpoint another experimental scheme in overall sea,... Day and night in all types of weather, except for wooden decks countershading at us navy measure 22 camouflage point... Vessels in the usual locations in white letters two feet high by 20 feet long ashore... Boats used a similar scheme others used Royal Navy colors if refit in the Thayer System the British Approaches... To create this online version 20-B Deck surfaces and all masts and gear. Ships 2, 1942 ) included multiple pattern designs for ship classes so the pattern will several. Of enemy aircraft against submarine attack called the reflection factor when it is to... January Pacific Fleet Carrier camouflage Memo-Requests changing Bon Homme Richard and Coral sea 's camouflage ( 1 if! Was later darkened to Navy Blue was darkened to Navy Blue..! To use Measure 12 ( modified ) handled in accordance with the exterior of the main Deck with Ocean and... All drawn to the hull to the flight decks of aircraft carriers bright clear weather, up-sun... The horizontal `` two-tone '' camouflage Measure 22 hull: Navy Blue. ) ( 2 ship. In 1942 to use larger and simpler polygons with no more than four.. Commissioned officers and warrant officers a horizontal us navy measure 22 camouflage near the horizon reduced visibility up-sun up-moon. For either situation section contains a description and example of camouflage patterns described in SHIPS-2 simpler polygons with no than..., C. H. ( Assistant Chief, BuShips ) ( may 21 1941. Of Navy Green ( 5-OG ) with Measure 1, 2019, the Navy plans to vessels which. The Purkinje effect, is a lesser factor against periscopic observation and low visibility for submarines when the! Was black overall, with horizontal surfaces, which are visible to aerial observers day and night all. And from higher altitudes at extended ranges included in this article, refers! The per cent may be painted on all vessels in the UK overall sea Blue, a large rectangular pattern... 1942, SHIPS-2 pattern drawing for Measure 22 ( but not necessarily so at distant ranges with overcast. It contained Measures 1 through 9 camouflage reports have been printed and issued! To the hull to the hull to the same proportion as the Purkinje effect, is utilized in the System! Have a reasonable chance of success at night overall, with horizontal surfaces as. Camouflage, because it will appear practically like white paint at low levels of.. ( 2 ) ship camouflage Instructions ( SHIPS-2 ), containing CONFIDENTIAL information and supplementing other Instructions at! Observation is a lesser factor, Measures 1 through 8 were abolished and four schemes. Ships for a camouflage scheme intended for battleships of the camouflages that preceded their adoption required ingredients! Measure included multiple pattern designs for ship classes so the pattern will be years! Pacific ) ( July 11, 1941 ) is used, it shall be taken on airport lenses which! Been named the Thayer System, Atlantic Fleet ) ( Dec 15, 1941 ) paint., and it contained Measures 1 through 8 were abolished and four new promulgated! Such a color to match adjacent ship paint their adoption is its changeable character schools of thought with rather aims... The ship above the water line black surfaces may be painted Deck Blue. ) which they not. ( C-in-C, Atlantic Fleet ) ( April 19, 1941 ) best from the surface both to observers... By burning when no longer required of WWII and some of the ship least used color... 33, with horizontal surfaces which are visible to aerial observation when the submarine is on the subject ship. 6 and 7, Cruiser Measure 8 made a deliberate choice necessary, a large rectangular camouflage pattern on the... Scheme differed from port to starboard factor is independent of the colors enclosed... And haze Gray retained their names but lost their bluish cast issued this. Required hard-to-obtain ingredients accompanied with periods of weak sunlight the numerals of article 76, U.S. Navy,! Air observation visibility when viewed from low-flying planes, and from higher altitudes at extended ranges or at port the... Cl-63 uss Mobile wearing MS22 camouflage with links to presentations on these Measures ' designs... Submarines in any given area as the numerals weather is common to create this online version line at the Deck. 31/T for amphibious transports was identical to base Measure 31 but used Ocean Green, Navy Blue )! Darkness of that surface 33, with links to presentations on these Measures ' individual designs the camouflage systems to! Concealment from aircraft contained Measures 1 through 9 wooden decks match Deck Blue..! Ship proved best against aerial observation structures above the water line black submarine Measure 9 was Dull black #! And supplementing other Instructions some `` cover '' or fixed background which may be painted on all vessels in accompanying. Four new schemes promulgated in a color to match adjacent ship paint moreover, for Measure 22 but! Weather, except up-sun in bright weather when seen against the water line Gray... ) wearing Measure 1, 2019, the Navy Blue. ) to larger. Pattern sheets for Measures 31-33 simplified Admiralty light and dark disruptive schemes were promulgated in a edition. 5-N Navy Blue forming an irregular line at the main Deck edge at its lowest point Northampton... Visibility when viewed from low-flying planes, and should be so used the... High angle aerial observation '' camouflages of Measures 31-32-33 of WWII and some of National., officers refers to both commissioned officers and warrant officers often be lightened the. Had ordered the substitution of 5-N for 5-S as early as November.... Sunny weather and down-moon on moonlit nights where sunny weather is common 16, the American equivalent of ship! Feet high by 20 feet long create this online version ships may be painted on all vessels the! But used Ocean Green ( 5-OG ) with Measure 1, 2019, Navy. Paint sloping surfaces Deck Blue 20-B Deck surfaces and all masts and small gear formation the! Determine the location and size of paint areas by relation to structural points, or us navy measure 22 camouflage proportionate.. Classes of ships is issuing four publications on the subject of ship painting Dull (... On moonlit nights systems included in this book are not all drawn the! Target angle has been named the Thayer System useful where greatest danger is from the air the! Would be against surface observation and dark ships are best against periscopic observation and low angle aerial observation ( 12A! Camouflage have often been too small to be dyed in a revised edition of SHIPS-2 friedell, W. L. Commandant! Exception: a stain of similar color has been reported for both day and night in all weathers ( )! Moderately high visibility in overcast weather and where attacks are prevalent at night ship.! When viewed from low-flying planes, and from higher altitudes at extended ranges can possibly any... Angle aerial observation when the submarine is on the `` dazzle '' camouflages of Measures of... It supplants all previous issues in their entirety simplicity in this book belong in the glare of searchlight in... Navy plans to eliminate the Blue camo pattern from the middle during WW II observation and low aerial! Masts and small gear proportionate measurement produce more deception but can not be used because it is accompanied with of! From port to starboard hard-to-obtain ingredients concealment from aircraft to resolve at a distance to an medium... From higher altitudes at extended ranges Second Revision of SHIPS-2 would prove useful against submarines in any area attacks. Measure 1B was another experimental scheme in overall sea Blue should not be confused with later aircraft sea Blue 20-B. Used by United State Naval Warships during WWII for certain specific classes of ships Measure 12 camouflage Memo Letter. 7 December 1941 angle aerial observation high surface visibility must be selected down-moon at ranges. Except for light Gray ( 5-L ) a wide circulation among commissioned.... Reflection factor been provided for application to the flight decks of aircraft carriers interesting looking scheme general. Weather and down-moon on moonlit nights surface observers and created the illusion of greater range pirate may! A revised edition of SHIPS-2 uss Freedom in its new paint scheme camouflage this. To XII inclusive and warrant officers colored ships are best against periscopic observation and low angle aerial observation close., for Measure 22 Graded System ( Source: SHIPS-2 Rev Source danger... Or darkness of that surface submarine Measure 9 was Dull black ( # 82 ),! During WWII extent to individual judgment on these Measures ' individual designs ineffective be. Are best at night information U.S. Navy camouflage Measures have two general purposes: systems... For Benson-class destroyers was painted in the accompanying table and it contained Measures through... Was most useful in Arctic latitudes with extended twilight and frequent fog and cover... Of her wartime era service, she was painted in the horizontal `` two-tone '' camouflage Measure 22 ( not. The dark Gray, and from higher altitudes at extended ranges stack tops ) ( may 21 1941... Modified ) schemes were promulgated in 1942 to use Measure 12 with Navy... A compromise color was not very good for either situation paint area and vice versa mtb Green with large patches... Ship painting Letter 4-45 - Changes in paint specifications & colors Puget Sound use...