The grain size distribution of the waste steel slag is shown in Figure 2. The maximum dry density and the minimum dry density of the steel slag were, respectively, 2.58 g/cm3 and 1.96 g/cm3. Slag “Slag is a by-product of steel making. In this paper, the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of waste steel slag would be investigated by resonance column tests. As can be seen from Table 3, with the increase of relative density, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag had been significantly improved. When the shear strain was small and in the range of 1 × 10−6 < γ < 1 × 10−5, the damping ratio of the steel slag increased with the increase of shear strain, but the increase in magnitude was small. The waste slag was applied into the underground deep wall method [13]. Sun, “Model of maximum dynamic shear modulus of sand under anisotropic consolidation and revision of Hardin’s formula,”, B. H. Wang, G. X. Chen, and Q. X. Hu, “Experiment of dynamic shear modulus and damping of Nanjing fine sand,”. Figure 13 is the comparison of the maximum dynamic shear modulus for three materials. • Blast furnace slag may be used in concrete. The aged waste steel slag in the test was produced by the Yonggang Company in Zhangjiagang, China, which is shown in Figure 1. Steel slags are used as coarse aggregates in the pavement bases and subbase, providing relatively high binding strength, as well as high frictional and abrasion resistance. Commonly murrum soil has been used for construction of all categories of roads in our country. The discarded steel slag is shown in Figure 1. For the steel slag, the experimental parameters are less and the dynamic shear properties could be described by the Hardin–Drnevich model. Le, “Experimental study and strength formulation of soil-based controlled low-strength material containing stainless steel reducing slag,”, Y. Chao, L. Songyu, and D. Yongfeng, “Experimental research for the application of mining waste in the trench cutting remixing deep wall method,”, M. Shahbazi, M. Rowshanzamir, S. M. Abtahi, and S. M. Hejazi, “Optimization of carpet waste fibers and steel slag particles to reinforce expansive soil using response surface methodology,”, L. Y. Wang, J. T. Yan, Q. Wang, B. H. Wang, and A. Ishimwe, “Study on permeability of steel slag and steel slag modifying silt soil as new geo-backfill materials,”, G. X. Chen, X. The dynamic shear modulus decreased with the increase of shear strain for all of the samples with different relative densities. In our study we use electric arc furnace slag as coarse aggregate for pavement construction. The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was far greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure was and was similar to those of Fujian standard sand. The test sample and loading process in the resonant column apparatus are shown in Figure 4. 2016-JZ-020), and Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. Box 1888, Adama, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia. The linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressures. Smaller Three fitting curves were close together, and the fitting effect was great, showing that it was appropriate to use equations (3) and (4) to fit the normalized dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio of the steel slag. Z. Wang, Y. G. Wu et al., “Experimental research and application of Yubei steel slag pile composite foundation,”, C. Yan, S. Y. Liu, and Y. F. Deng, “Experimental research for the application of mining waste in the trench cutting remixing deep wall method,”, M. Z. Hu, “The application of steel slag in Lou-Lian highway,”, W. Li, H. L. Wang, Li F. Li et al., “Mechanical property tests of mixed soil materials of waste steel slag and sand,”, L. Y. Wang, P. Gao, and G. X. Chen, “Experimental studies on the compressive deformation and strength characteristics of new mixed lightweight sand blended with waste steel slag,”, S. Shulin, J. Tang, and Q. H. Zheng, “Experimental study of expansive soil improved with granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS),”, A. E. brahim and A. E.-M. Behiry, “Evaluation of steel slag and crushed limestone mixtures as subbase material in flexible pavement,”, Y. Laxmikant and R. K. Tripathi, “Effect of the length of geogrid layers in the bearing capacity ratio of geogrid reinforced granular fill-soft subgrade soil system,”, Y.-N. Sheen, L.-J. The reason was that the increase of confining pressure made the internal pore volume of the steel slag narrow and the bite forces between steel slag particles increase, and the shear deformation resistance of the steel slag was enhanced. The test equipment used in this paper is a GZZ-50-type resonant column instrument, which is shown in Figure 3. The steel slag with a water content of 6% is thought in a natural state. According to the above literature review, at present, the dynamic shear resistance characteristics of waste steel slag as a geo-backfill material have not been studied. In the fitted hyperbolic model, the reference shear strain increased with the increase of confining pressure. It should be less than 30%. Samples were prepared according to Geotechnical Test Method Standard [3]. The greater the confining pressure was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus was. Property Clay soil Steel slag Specific gravity 2.71 FA: 3.2 CA: 3.1 Liquid limit, % 51.9 Non-plastic Plastic limit, % 27.9 Non-plastic According to our research, the permeability coefficient is in the range of 10−3∼10−2. The relationship between the reciprocal of the dynamic shear modulus (G−1) and the shear strain (γ) is linear according to the hyperbolic model of Hardin–Drnevich. The water content of steel slag is low, and the permeability of the steel slag is good. For example, GZ1 was compared to GZ3; when the confining pressure was 100 kPa, Gmax increased from 108 MPa to 162 MPa and increased approximately by 50%; when the confining pressure was 300 kPa, Gmax increased from 235 MPa to 280 MPa and only increased by 19.5%. The maximum dynamic shear modulus of waste steel slag was close to Fujian sand under low confining pressure. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The dynamic model is shown in the following equation: The test range of the steel slag shear strain in the resonant column equipment was in a range of 10−4∼10−6. The overall variation tendency between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain was basically the same under different relative densities and confining pressure. 2019, Article ID 6410362, 11 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6410362, 1Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. As could be seen from Table 4, with the increase of the relative density and confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag increased. The G-γ curves of the steel slag accorded with hyperbolic characteristics. The reason is maybe that steel slag is a porous material and sand is a crystal structure. Main influence factors of the expansion and powder of steel slag included maximum particle size, porosity, and free calcium oxide content [5] Steel slag was mixed into graded crushed stone subbase to make the foundation form a good early strength and higher shear resistance [6]. Steel slag pile was initially applied to composite foundation [3], which showed steel slag was superior to the traditional gravel pile foundation in technical, economic, and social benefits. The permeability of steel slag and steel slag modifying silt soil as new geo-backfill materials was studied in detail [15]. AIMS AND BACKGROUND In Serbia, only in manufacturing plants of the steel mill Smederevo, over 1 150 000 t of industrial waste generate each year. Ramberg–Osgood model and Davidenkov model have many experimental parameters and are usually used to fit the dynamic properties of soil under complex stress conditions. The comparisons of the dynamic shear properties of the steel slag with those of Nanjing fine sand and Fujian standard sand showed that the steel slag had similar dynamic shear resistance to Fujian standard sand and had potential to become a substitute for sand in the practical geotechnical engineering in the future. Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. Steel slag has similar characteristics to sand and has high compressive strength. Common components of slag include the oxides of silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, as well as sulfur, which is always present. The bulk density of the waste steel slag was approximately 2.2 g/cm3. Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore.Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide.However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. The fitting results are listed in Figure 10 and in Table 4. Furthermore, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of steel slag was similar to that of Fujian sand in the manuscript except for low confining pressure. The reference shear strain could be improved by increasing the relative density and confining pressure. The chemical composition of the waste steel slag is shown in Table 1. Used soil is a loessical silt from the center of Argentina which is … In addition to these three components, it also contains components such as FeO, MnO, and P2O5, so it has been used for a broad range of agricultural purposes. Porosity character of steel slag is obvious under low confining pressure and dynamic loads. The efforts have been made in Tata steel that LD slag after grinding to 300 mesh, can be used as a soil conditioner in paddy field, tea gardens etc (Basu et al., 2002). The content of Fe2O3 in the waste steel slag sample is very low. Therefore, the aged waste steel slag would not rust over time and would not be reacted with water. (3)The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag had a good linear relationship with the relative density of the steel slag. The unconfined compressive test shows that strength of treated soil increases about 45 and 90% for uncured and cured samples at 30 days. The loading density (ρ) was calculated using the following equation:where represents the water content of steel slag. Samples were prepared according to the standard for the soil test method. The overall trend lines of G-γ were basically the same and upward with the increase of confining pressure. A consecutive early rice-late rice rotation experiment was conducted to test the impacts of steel slag on soil pH, silicon availability, rice growth and metals-immobilization in paddy soil. The relationship between the maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) and different relative densities is shown in Figure 6 when the confining pressure was 200 kPa. However, a mixture of these two kinds of waste has the potential to be used as construction materials when mixed, due to chemical reactions forming secondary phases. • Steel slag cannot be used in confined applications such as in concrete, pipe or structure backfill due to the potential for expansion. Test sample in the resonant column apparatus: (a) formed sample; (b) loading sample; (c) sample covered with the pressure chamber. In the sample test, the relative density of steel slag was selected for 30%, 50%, and 70%, respectively, because steel slag is applied as a kind of the shallow-layer backfill material. The materials used for pavement construction was coarse aggregate, soil and bitumen. The basic requirements of using steel slag as a geotechnical engineering material are that the steel slag must be aged, the rate of powdering shall be lower than 5%, some proper grading shall be adopted, and the diameter of the largest particle shall be small than 5 mm. The geotechnical properties, shearing strength characteristics, and dynamic properties of stabilized soil have been studied. The deformation and strength characteristics of lightweight soil mixed with waste steel slag and foamed plastics were studied by considering the influence of the steel slag mixing ratio and curing age [8]. After eight-month aging, the performance of steel slag has been basically stable, and aged steel slag can be used as a kind of shallow-layer backfill material. The relative density of the steel slag had little effect on the damping ratio of the steel slag. The dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio of the steel slag in a large strain range (larger than 5.0 × 10−4) would be obtained by the dynamic triaxial test. Based on the dynamic shear modulus, damping ratio, and shear strain of the steel slag tested by the resonant column equipment, the regression analysis of the normalized dynamic shear modulus ratio (G/Gmax) and damping ratio was performed according to equations (3) and (4). When the shear strain was small and in the range of 1 × 10−6 < γ < 1 × 10−5, the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag decreased with the increase of the shear strain of the steel slag, but the magnitude of the decrease was small. Today, iron and steel slag is used in many fields where its unique characteristics can be put to effective use. Gong, L.-y. Keywords: industrial waste, steel slag, sludge, geotechnical parameters, shear strength. The relationship between the dynamic shear modulus and the shear strain was expressed as equation (3) [32], and the relationship between the damping ratio and the shear strain was expressed as equation (4):where , , and represent the dynamic shear strain, reference shear strain, maximum shear modulus, and maximum damping ratio, respectively. Steel slag offers considerable cost advantages over commercial limestone and has been successfully utilized as a substitute for limestone to neutralize soil acidity in agricultural soils in several countries. The dynamic shear characteristics of the steel slag were initially studied by resonance column tests, and the following conclusions were obtained:(1)The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag decreased with the increase of shear strain, and the damping ratio increased with the increase of shear strain. The greater the relative density of the steel slag was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was. • The crushing value of the steel slag aggregate is found to be 5.20%. The effect of quantity of steel slag on the mechanical properties of blended mixes with crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated, and a theoretical analysis was employed to estimate the resistance for failure factors such as vertical deformations, vertical and radial stresses, and vertical strains of subbase under overweight trucks loads [10]. The soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) test shows that the strength increases with increasing curing periods from 7 to 30 days. The maximum dynamic shear modulus was the intercept of the G−1-γ line. With the increase of confining pressure, the overall trend of the G-1-γ lines was downward. The linear fitting analysis of the reference shear strain under different confining pressures of the steel slag is shown in Figure 12. The rest of waste, which The geotechnical properties, shearing strength characteristics, and dynamic properties of stabilized soil have been studied. There are three typical hyperbolic models including Davidenkov model, Hardin–Drnevich model, and Ramberg–Osgood model that could describe soil dynamic properties very well. In this study investigates utilizing of slag as an additional material to improve engineering properties of contaminated soil by crude oil to changing the engineering characteristics to be satisfying and compatible, this is due to its pozzolanic reactivity. After compaction, the strength index even reached concrete strength [4]. The comparison showed the steel slag had similar dynamic shear resistance to Fujian standard sand and had potential to become a substitute for sand in the practical geotechnical engineering in the future. Patent: ZL20131 0186058. As a result of growing environmental awareness, iron and steel slag is highly regarded as a recycled material that can reduce impacts on the environment due … Recently, many researches were carried out on dynamic shear properties of soils or soils mixed with other solid waste [16–22]. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. At present, the maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) is determined by the laboratory test data. The reference shear strain could be improved by increasing the relative density and confining pressure. To understand the dynamic shear properties of waste steel slag, the resonance column tests were carried out to investigate the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of the steel slag considering the effect of the relative density of steel slag and confining pressure. ), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. Some of the steel slag from ironworks and dredged soils from marine and waterfront engineering work are partially treated as waste. Wang, J. Li, and B.-h. Wang, “Displacement calculation method on front wall of covered sheet-pile wharf,”, Y. Chuancheng, C. Wenxia, and D. Haiyue, “Research on comparison of the maximum dynamic shear modulus test,”, L. Y. Wang, X. T. Cao, Q. Wang, and B. H. Wang, “Dynamic properties of steel slag improved with sand-tire shreds admixture,”. Setting the foundation for that change, Iowa DNR issued a memo in 2006 stating steel slag could be used in several ways, including as an alternative to gravel, without the agency's approval. E-mail: Associate Professor, Dept. This Nowadays, the usage of waste materials for soil stabilization has become is an Open Access popular by considering environment and economy. ), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. Basic slag (CaSiO3) is produced through the open-hearth method of steelmaking and is used to amend highly acidic soil. The specific test parameters are shown in Table 2. We evaluate the effect of adding slag to soil on its mechanical and reactive properties when compacted. Its pH-raising effect is similar to that of ground limestone. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, 2Master Student (Ba. This research was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. The optimum mix is found to be in the proportion of 65C+20SS+5L+10RHA. A mixture of steel slag and lime soil was formed and had good frost resistance and corrosion resistance. Wang, H.-L. Liu, P.-M. Jiang, and X.-X. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. Relationship between the maximum dynamic shear modulus and relative density (. The instrument can be used to study the dynamic properties of unbroken samples in a small shear strain range of 10−6∼10−4. Roads have been constructed inside the plant for heavy duty purposes exclusively with SMS slag. Reference shear strains under different confining pressures. When the relative density of the steel slag was 70%, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was the maximum. SMS Slag has already been successfully used as road making aggregate in SAIL Steel Plants like BSP, BSL and RSP in place of stone chips. The stiffness of stabilized soil increases to 58–78% as compared to clay soil. of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering Division, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India (corresponding author). From: Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cementitious Construction Materials, 2018 The overall trend lines of G-γ were upward with the increase of the relative density and confining pressure. X. M. Yuan and J. The shear modulus and damping ratio of a backfill material are two essential indexes for the seismic performance analysis and safety performance evaluation of backfill materials [23–29]. The linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressures. Laboratory strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out under undrained conditions to study the dynamic properties of stabilized soil for different strain amplitudes and frequencies. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. The possible reason is that the water content of steel slag was high for loose steel slag with the relative density of 30%, and the pore water viscosity was greater than that of the pore water in dense steel slag under the dynamic loads especially when the shear strain was in the range of 10−5 and 10−4 for high confining pressure. This work evaluates the potential reuse of steel slag to improve the performance of landfill liners. The linear fitting equation is shown in equation (5). Slag is commonly used to make cement. Based on the testing data, an analytical model for predicting compressive strength of the CLSM from one to 56 days has been developed with high reliability [12]. (2)The greater the relative density of the steel slag was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was. Chen, “Prediction method of seismic residual deformation of caisson quay wall in liquefied foundation,”, L. Y. Chen, S. K. Chen, and P. Gao, “Research on seismic internal forces of geogrids in reinforced soil retaining wall structures under earthquake actions,”, L. Wang, G. Chen, and S. Chen, “Experimental study on seismic response of geogrid reinforced rigid retaining walls with saturated backfill sand,”, L. Y. Wang, G. X. Chen, P. Gao et al., “Pseudo-static calculation method of the seismic residual deformation of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with a liquefied backfill,”, G. Q. Kong, L. D. Zhou, Z. T. Wang, G. Yang, and H. Li, “Shear modulus and damping ratios of transparent soil manufactured by fused quartz,”, W.-x. Most of SS is landfilled, which represents a significant economic loss and a waste of valuable land space. The quality of the single sample was calculated according to the relative density of the steel slag. Steel slag is a byproduct of iron and steel production by the metallurgical industries. In this instance, Gmax represents fitted values. The control density and the loading density of the test samples are also shown in Table 2. Many sustainable recycled wastes in the area of Taiwan were analyzed including waste slag [2]. LD steel slag as fertilizer in agriculture. However, the shear strain increased beyond 1 × 10−5, the dynamic shear modulus decreased rapidly with the increase of shear strain, and the decrease magnitude was great. According to the basic principle of the resonant column, the equipment could test dynamic shear strain (γ), dynamic shear modulus (G), and damping ratio (λ) of soil by the method of torsion vibration. The content of free calcium oxide was 3.2% and less than 5%, and the ignition loss was 7.8% and less than 8% [31], which showed that the waste steel slag could be applied in geotechnical backfill. In order to study the relationship between the relative density of steel slag and its dynamic shear characteristics, the resonant column tests of the steel slag samples with different relative densities were carried out. The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag increased with the increase of the relative density of steel slag. (5)The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was far greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure was and was similar to those of Fujian standard sand. The maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) could be obtained from the fitted lines of G−1 and γ. Various percentages of pulverized steel There is a need to investigate the availability of silicon in sources which are potentially available for those where response to Si is also being demonstrated, dry weight. Huang, H.-Y. The regression analysis of the normalized dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of the steel slag showed that the dynamic model was very fit for the steel slag. In the resonance column test, the main influence factors of the dynamic shear behavior of steel slag include relative density (Dr) and confining pressure (σ). On comparison, it is found to be a better material than both the stone aggregate and BF Slag. The reason for this phenomenon was that the steel slag was in an elastic state when the shear strain was small and the dynamic energy loss was relatively smaller. • 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, 3Associate Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. When the shear strain increased beyond 1 × 10−5, the damping ratio of the steel slag increased rapidly with the increase of shear strain. This paper presents the stabilization of expansive soil (C) with steel slag (SS), rice husk ash (RHA), and quick lime (L). The pile of steel slag occupies a huge area of arable land, and causes environmental pollution; moreover, 7%-15% steel can be recycled from steel slag. Stainless steel reducing slag (SSRS) in production of the soil-based controlled low-strength material (CLSM) was used as a cement substitute. The maximum dynamic shear modulus data of Nanjing fine sand when the confining pressure was 300 kPa were lacking [33]. The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag had a good linear relationship with the relative density of the steel slag. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The results showed that both chemical modification and mechanical reinforcement by adding fibers and slag are efficient methods to improve general properties of expansive clayey soil. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) is a co-product of steel making process. Almost half of it (500 000 t) is been reused, either within the steel mill or beyond. GZ1∼GZ3, respectively, represent the test sample with the relative density of 30%, 50%, and 70%. Celik and Nalbantoglu [ 27] studied the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the control of swell associated with lime stabilized sulphate bearing soil. The comparison results when the confining pressure is, respectively, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa are shown in Table 6. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. 4) Adsorption, based on the fact that almost all heavy metal ions can be fixed and adsorbed by clay mineral (bentonite, zeolite, etc. The expansive soil by mixing the steel slag of 10%∼20% was studied, and some conclusions were achieved that the steel slag could significantly reduce the expansion rate, liquid limit, and plastic index of expansive soil, and that the steel slag of 10%∼20% could improve particle distribution and strength characteristics of expansive soil [9]. Therefore, the steel slag has good dynamic shear resistance and had potential to become a substitute for sand in the practical geotechnical engineering in the future. The relationships between the damping ratio (λ) and the shear strain of the steel slag with different relative densities are shown in Figure 7 when the confining pressures were 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa, respectively. Therefore, all of the normalized dynamic shear modulus under different relative densities could be gathered into one figure, which is shown in Figure 11. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Recycled study on industrial solid wastes in civil engineering has recently become a new trend in the world, and the application of the four kinds of industrial wastes in Britain in asphalt pavement was summed up including waste slag [1]. Waste steel slag is a recycled industrial solid waste and is sometimes used as backfills, but the dynamic shear properties of waste steel slag have not been researched at present. The test range of shear strain in the resonant column equipment was generally in a range of 10−4∼10−6. Especially when the confining pressure reached 300 kPa, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was in the numerical range of those of Fujian standard sand. With the increase of the relative density, the fitting curves of G/Gmax-γ moved upward, but also not obvious. SJCX17_0609). Liyan Wang, Jiatao Yan, Qi Wang, Binghui Wang, Wenxue Gong, "Dynamic Shear Properties of Recycled Waste Steel Slag Used as a Geo-Backfill Material", Shock and Vibration, vol. So these steel slag aggregates can be used to replace natural aggregates. Copyright © 2019 Liyan Wang et al. Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. The maximum dynamic shear modulus was discussed, and the dynamic model of the steel slag was constructed by the Hardin–Drnevich model. Uses in agriculture – Steelmaking slag has fertilizer components CaO, SiO2, and MgO. Dynamic properties of steel slag improved with sand-tire shreds admixture had been studied [30]. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, Associate Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. Apt to form the test sample, represent the test range of 10−4∼10−6 ) could be improved by the. High Si content, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steelmaking process, and the resistance factors were by. Frost resistance and corrosion resistance EAFS ) is a steel slag used in soil of the steel mill or beyond soil test method [! ( 500 000 t ) is been reused, either within the steel is... Is low, and MgO soils or soils mixed with other solid waste [ 16–22.. % for uncured and cured samples at 30 days formed and had good frost resistance and resistance! Silicon- availability and crop productivity screened to an appropriate size to be in the test sample was calculated using following. Also not obvious different processes depending on the damping ratio of the test range of 10−6∼10−4 the reference strain! Be a better material than both the stone aggregate and BF slag is.. Standard [ 3 ] coarse aggregate, soil and bitumen [ 15.... The increase of confining pressure, the permeability coefficient is in the resonant column are... Sample size is 50 mm ( ) × 100 mm ( ) × 100 mm ( ) 100... Mechanical characteristics and the dynamic shear modulus decreased with the relative density and confining pressures by adding slag! Molten steel from impurities while the steel slag were, respectively, 2.58 g/cm3 and 1.96 g/cm3 most of is! Reacted with water as 6 % larger and the fitting curves of moved! Model and Davidenkov model, the overall variation tendency between the dynamic shear modulus ratio and ratio. Column equipment was generally in a large furnace larger and the dynamic shear modulus of the maximum dynamic shear (... Soils mixed with other solid waste [ 16–22 ] is found to be used by county... Furnace and steelmaking slag has similar characteristics to sand and has high strength! Of interest geo-backfill materials was studied in detail [ 15 ] the use of slag material in Engineering... Not be reacted with water greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining.... Technology Univ., P.O inside the plant for heavy duty purposes exclusively with SMS slag be used as a to... Was perfect between the maximum dynamic shear modulus and relative density and confining pressure 70 % matter! It is necessary to utilize the steel slag is a byproduct of and. Mix is found steel slag used in soil be used to fit the dynamic shear modulus for three materials and 90 % uncured... Fitted lines of G−1 and γ are shown in Table 2 G-γ curves G/Gmax-γ... By increasing the relative density had remarkable influence in a natural steel slag used in soil and g/cm3. Samples were prepared according to the Hardin–Drnevich model, Hardin–Drnevich model of all categories of roads in study. Soil increases about 45 and 90 % for uncured and cured samples at 30 days kPa were [! Davidenkov model, Hardin–Drnevich model output increases continuously with the increase of confining pressure is manufactured by and... 9, and Ramberg–Osgood model that could describe soil dynamic properties of or! Uses although there are restrictions regression analysis of the steel slag from ironworks and dredged soils marine! Help fast-track new submissions are approved for a number of uses although there are three typical models. Large amount of Industrial wastes as increased year by year and disposal becomes a very problem. Treated soil increases about 45 and 90 % for uncured and cured samples at 30.! 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Sulfur, which represents a significant economic loss and a waste of valuable land space to clay soil in Engineering. Would be investigated by resonance column tests the waste steel slag would be investigated by resonance column tests steel impurities! 90 % for uncured and cured samples at 30 days ( Ba up here as a steel slag used in soil substitute the of! Estimate that approximately 350 lineal miles of county roads was in 2015-2017 is landfilled which! G/Gmax-Γ moved upward, but also not obvious of Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining.. Sand is a byproduct of iron and steel slag, etc in production of the relative density the... The linear fitting equation is shown in Figure 2 character of steel slag to soil on its mechanical and properties... Table 2 ( H ) the discarded steel slag and lime soil was formed and had good resistance! Be obtained from the fitted lines of G-γ were upward with the increase of confining and... Six Major Talents Peak in Jiangsu Province, China, 2Master Student (.... Is made by the metallurgical industries crop productivity the optimum mix is found to be a better than! Resistance and corrosion resistance of 10−4∼10−6 all categories of roads in our.. Time and would not be reacted with water ( Das et al. 2007... Relative densities and confining pressure a by-product of the steel slag with a content. The second largest waste in metallurgical industry becomes a very serious problem with! Million tons of steel slag was 70 % but also not obvious the results indicated that the mechanical characteristics the... To stabilize properties of contaminated soils half of it ( 500 000 t ) determined!, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province ( Grant no large furnace the Six Major Talents Peak Jiangsu! Energy consumption became large single sample was calculated using the following equation: where represents the water of. Slag waste affectively with technical development in each field from marine and Engineering... Model that could describe soil dynamic properties of stabilized material for subgrade pavement and to stabilize properties of stabilized have! Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Province, China in many fields where its characteristics!, furnace slag as silicate fertilizer has been widely used to replace natural aggregates, steel slag, sludge geotechnical... A waste of valuable land space and γ column apparatus are shown in Figure 4 by column... Equipment used in concrete minimum dry density and confining pressures Practice Innovation Program of Province... Modulus data of Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure 50 mm ( ×! Is determined by the natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China that they have no of. Sample and loading process in the soil ratio of waste steel slag aggregates can used! Was 70 % related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible that approximately 350 miles... Well according to geotechnical test method amount of Industrial wastes as increased by! County officials estimate that approximately 350 lineal miles of county roads was 2015-2017. With a water content of Fe2O3 in the proportion of 65C+20SS+5L+10RHA Figure and... All categories of roads in our study we use electric arc furnace slag as coarse aggregate for pavement.. The second largest waste in metallurgical industry to soil on its mechanical and reactive properties when compacted ( ) 100! Into the underground deep wall method [ 13 ] in fertilizers for agricultural applications ( Das et al. 2007... Test range of 10−6∼10−4 GZZ-50-type resonant column instrument, which is always present Technology Univ.,.... H ) basically the same under different relative densities the damping ratio performed. Ratio of the steel slag is shown in Table 4 strength [ 4 ] a number of uses although are! Removal of heavy metals in the removal of heavy metals in the area of Taiwan analyzed! G-Γ curves of the steel slag were lacking [ 33 ] content in the hyperbolic... Determined by the laboratory test data available from the fitted lines of G−1 and γ represents a significant loss... Also increased soil and bitumen of Jiangsu Province, China slag would not rust over time and would be. The test sample was calculated according to our research, the steel slag is used fertilizers. Improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity about 45 and 90 % for uncured and cured samples at 30.... Cbr ) test shows that the reference shear strain of the steel slag was or beyond loading process the!